Stellar Mass

Background: According to the big bang theory, the early galaxies were small and built up mass over time. Giants like the modern day Milky Way and Andromeda should take time to assemble.

More:

        From Caputi et al:
        "n fact, current semianalytic models basically do not predict any galaxy with M > ∼ 5 × 10^10 M⊙ at z = 6 (Yu Lu, private communication)"
        https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.05721


        Milky Way:
        https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/96/pdf
    
        (2023) Y. Jiao et al
        Detection of the Keplerian decline in the Milky Way rotation curve
        https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00048
        https://www.observatoiredeparis.psl.eu/the-revisited-mass-of-the.html?lang=en
        "Milky Way is generally estimated to be just over 0.6 × 10^11 solar masses"
    
        LMC:
        https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2e93/pdf
        "Finally, abundance matching based on the stellar mass of the LMC (M* = 2.7 × 10^9 Me; van der Marel et al. 2002)
    
        
        (2006) C. Papovich et al 
        Spitzer Observations of Massive, Red Galaxies at High Redshift
        https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/499915/meta
        "This suggests that the bulk of star formation in massive galaxies occurs at early cosmic epochs and is largely complete by z ~ 1.5. 
        Further mass assembly in these galaxies takes place with low specific SFRs."
    
        (2015) D. Watson et al
        A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization
        https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14164
    
        (2014) C. Steinhardt et al
        Star Formation at 4 < z < 6 From the Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam (SPLASH)
        https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.7030
        However, even under ideal conditions this trend cannot continue far beyond z > 6, as there is insufficient time to build up stellar mass.
        Thus, we should expect that upcoming Hyper-Suprime-Cam (HSC) data, which is anticipated to extend the SPLASH catalog to z ∼ 8, 
        should find a turnover redshift where the most massive galaxies are not observed, indicating we are seeing the rapid buildup of galaxies 
        that have just completed their primordial formation and virialization. Otherwise, a substantially modified theory for early-universe 
        structure formation will be required.

    
        (2023) A. Carnall et al
        A massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.658
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10371866/
    
        (2023) Gelli et al
        Quiescent Low-mass Galaxies Observed by JWST in the Epoch of Reionization
        https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acee80
        https://aasnova.org/2023/09/18/investigating-a-star-formation-shutdown-in-the-early-universe/
        
        (2024) V. Gelli et al
        The impact of mass-dependent stochasticity at cosmic dawn
        https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.13108
        "JWST is unveiling a surprising lack of evolution in the number densities of ultraviolet-selected (UV) galaxies at redshift z≳10."